Africa

====Political change can cause conflict because some people may not agree with the changes and some may agree with the changes, then conflict will rise within the state, as people have different opinions on the matter. ==== ====If a country/nation/empire have a high nationalism than it would motivates its people to do something good for the cause of their country/nation/empire. If a country/nation/empire were to have low nationalism than people are less motivated to do something that will benefit their country/nation/empire. ==== ====Political relationships affect economic relationships, because if two or more country do not like one another, than they're less likely to trade with one another which would affect their economic relationship. ====
 * ====How can political change cause conflict ====
 * ====How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires? ====
 * ====How can political relationships affect economic relationships? ====
 * ====What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation? ====

Comments on Africa from Video

 * ====European was in involved in Africa since 1614 ====
 * ====European successfully took over Africa ====
 * ====European wanted Africa because of the large raw material that exists in Africa ====
 * ====European was introduced diseases that was found in Africa, which killed many European. ====
 * ====European revolutionized Africa. ====
 * ====European was able to dominate Africa by using machine guns. ====
 * ====European imperialism included a lot of blood and death. ====
 * ====European was able to imperialized India,China,and Africa because of the technologies they have over the countries. ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">At one point Africans was able to resist against the Europeans ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Industrialized nations(i.e Europeans), push their technological advancement on developing countries, in order to extract resources from those developing countries ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Imperialism brought wealth and power to the European ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The slave trade reduced the African population ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">European power was fueled by the industrial revolution ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">European missionaries taught African to abandon their believes and accept Christianity ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Many European countries started to claim parts of Africa as theirs ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Only Liberia and Ethiopia was successfully able to resist European colonization. ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Africa fought back against the Europeans ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Europeans wanted Africa because of the large abundance of natural resource they had which would help industrialize Europe. ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Africa depended on intermediary government. ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The meaning of this quote is that, imperialism became a well known trend in the in the early 19th century, that influenced many countries to participate in this trend. During these imperialistic movements by big country, many of the small countries getting dominated, didn't like these big countries, so they resisted. Resulting many getting killed. ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Imperialism destroy what ever in its path, and its so unstoppable like a cyclone. Countries will use militarism to achieve their goal, if there were resistance than blood will be shed. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Picture Detective
==== ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The message of this picture was that Britain at the time were way "ahead" of America at the time. "Ahead" as in getting Asia to become a closer to being a civilization than Africa. ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">In order for these two countries to carry their respective country that they've colonized to civilization, they must overcome many steps of hardship. ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Overall message: Since the European has became so advance, that its their duty to has became to help non- developed country to becoming a civilization. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”?
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">According to Kipling, the phrase "White Man's Burden" means the duties that is bestowed upon the White Man, meaning Americans/Europeans, and the duties of the White Man's Burden is to help achieve non-Europeans/American achieve civilization. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”?
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The reward that Kipling suggest that the "White Man" gets from carrying his "burden", is the profit that the "burden" will generate; once the non-Europeans are civilized. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it?
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Kipling intended his poem to be read by the "White Man" (Americans). Well back in the day people would of responded with acceptance to his ideal of helping non-European countries to achieve civilization. If someone were to read the poem today, people may respond with negativism, as the poem suggest some racist ideas. For example, the poem is basically saying if the country isn't European/America than those people aren't civilized. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The lines in the poem that I found most interesting was "On fluttered folk and wild; Your new-caught, sullen peoples; Half devil and half child". I found these lines interesting because it demonstrate how the European view non-Europeans. They saw them as Half devils and half child, which showed how racist and how superior they saw of themselves. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"The Black Man's Burden" Poem
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The message of the Black Man's burden is that if the United States were to fulfill the white man's burden, then it would only result in a violent battle between the natives and the imperialists, as the natives will become hostile towards the imperialists that are intruding their homeland. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words:

 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">peace ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">equality ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">freedom ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">acceptance ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">restrictions ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">division ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">agreement ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">inconsiderate ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">social darwinism ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">prestige ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">respect ====

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Document 1 __
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered that has made it possible for evil to triumph." Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Questions to consider:
> ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The perspective of the author is that, people can always get away with their evil deed because no one is there to speak up. The event that might have caused the author to think the way he does, is probably the imperialization of Africa by the European countries. ==== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> The author is making this statement, because he want things to change, as in the past he realized that people can get away with their evil deeds as long as people don't speed up for those- ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> This quote relates to imperialism because in the end the Europeans got away with what they did in Africa. They slaughtered hundreds of people, and strip the natural resources out of their land. ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does? ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Why might the author be making this statement? ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain. ====

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Document 2 __
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885) ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...
====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. ====

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> The author of this piece of evidence is Jules Ferry. Ferry's view point was that high race should have the right over the lower races. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> The justification that he offer was that it is the higher races' duties to help civilize the lower races. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> He might be giving this speech to a group of people that are against the favor of France colonizing Africa. The purpose of this speech is to persuade the audience that colonizing Africa is a good thing, as it not benefit France's economic structure, but also it help bring civilization to the uncivilized. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> The life and the attitudes back then, was that the Europeans view themselves to be the most superior race out of everyone; basically the Europeans were very arrogant of themselves.
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint? ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint? ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech? ====
 * ====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time? ====

__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Document 3 **__
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1892.Artists: Linley Sambourne <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The political cartoon was published on December 10th, 1292 in London. The perspective and the bias of this cartoon is that Europeans are the most superior race in the world. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The meaning that the title give to the illustration is demonstrating Rhode's dominance over Africa. Author chosen the words colossus, striding, Cape Town, and Cairo to show how big Rhode's influence on Africa, and what he is trying to do; which is "uniting" Cape Town to Cairo. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The person depicted in this political cartoon is Cecil Rhodes. Objects I see is a large Cecil Rhodes; holding a string of sort with his two hands, and on his waist there is a musket. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The artist's viewpoint is that Cecil Rhodes; a famous African colonists is uniting Africa as whole, because in the picture he has one end of a string tied to one end of Africa, and another end of that string is tied to another end of Africa. As if he is trying to connect those two locations.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Letter from Moshweshewe Mark-up
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dVRcY8XHHrZjUUypanVa5zLUmr4o_JsnBNDSerSZ8uo/edit?usp=sharing

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The author is Moshweshewe. He is writing this letter to explain what the white man did to his people 25 years ago. The purpose of this letter to sought after justice that was never given. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Boers : Members of the Dutch and Huguenot population that settled in Southern Africa. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Sir Harry Smith: Notable English solider and military commander <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Sir George Napier: Lieutenant general of the British army. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Sir Peregrine Maitland: British solider and colonial administrator. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">I do believe the letter was a success in fulfilling its purpose, as Moshweshewe talks about how the problem started between them and the Boers, and what they seek from that incident. " I was at that time in trouble for the Sikonyela and the Korannas were tormenting me and my people by stealing and killing;" " I thought justice would soon be done, and Warden put to rights."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.

__**Document 5**__
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The imperialists in southern Africa treated the natives like the were slaves. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The African rebellion was a failure, because they had a lack of organization, and the natives were less well equipped compared to the "White Men" that had machines guns and riffle.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

__**Document 6**__
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The author of this source is Mojimba, an African chief. His accounts refers to battle that happen between his people and the British/African mercenaries. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The strength of the British was that they had weapons, meanwhile the Africans had the forest to conceal themselves; which meant they used guerrilla warfare on the British. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The chief's opinion of the British is that they're are wicked, Europeans think they have guns means they could take away the native's land, and their possessions.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What is the chief's opinion of the British?

**__Document 7__**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times,serif;">The message that the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans was that they're unintelligent, as they think magic exists. "The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man." <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Africans made such claims to ward off invading Europeans, as they knew they would lost the battle between themselves and the invaders. Thus they resorted to making such claim to scare away the Europeans.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

**Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.



The person in this photo is Theodore Roosevelt. The objects in this photo is a Elephant on the floor, Theodore Roosevelt is holding a rifle, and there are a bunch leaves surrounding the Elephant and Roosevelt. The purpose of this photograph is to demonstrate the power of the White Man, as he is able to bring down a large beast, with a rifle. The economic or social implication in this photo indicate, that America was also interested/influence over in Africa during the 1909.
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?

**Document 9**:



European industries that benefited from the African resources; are metal work industries, the Jewelry industries, and banks. The European country that I feel that had the most valuable colonies is Great Britain, as Great Britain has all the valuable earth metals, meanwhile the other European country's colonies are left with cash crops. This document could be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism, as the chart depicts certain resources that the each colonies exported to their respective European country, thus proven the idea that the European imperialism over Africa was for the purpose of gaining natural resources to fuel the European countries' growing industries.
 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?

__** Document 10 ** : __
"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.  Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962

====<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The response from Sekou Toure of the years of colonialism in Africa was that it was very brutal for Africans. As the Europeans not only convince the people that they're uncivilized,savage, but also irresponsible. Which cause the decline of self-confidence in Africans. Sekou Toure did agree that because of the vast amount of natural resources that Africa possessed, it was the idea place to get natural resources to fuel a industrialization. ====
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?